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File sharing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
P2P file sharing is distinct from file trading in that downloading files from a P2P network does not require uploading, although some networks either provide incentives for uploading such as credits or forcing the sharing of files being currently downloaded. Napster started this whole wave and has since became a legal spot for downloads with a fee schedule.
First P2P-generation: Server-client
The first generation of peer-to-peer file sharing networks had a centralized file list. In the centralized peer-to-peer model, a user would send a search to the centralized server of what they were looking for. The server then sends back a list of peers that have the data and facilitates the connection and download.
The first file-sharing programs marked themselves by inquiries to a server, either the data to the download held ready or in appropriate different Peers and so-called Nodes further-obtained, so that one could download there. Two examples were Napster (today using a pay system) and eDonkey2000 in the server version (today, likewise with Overnet and KAD - network decentralized).
Web-based sharing
Webhosting is also used for file sharing, since it makes it possible to exchange privately. In small communities popular files can be distributed very quickly and efficiently. Web hosters are independent of each other; therefore contents are not distributed further. Other terms for this are one-click hosting and web-based sharing.
File Sharing On The Social Graph
Recently, Facebook opened up its API to 3rd party developers that has allowed for a new type of file-sharing service to emerge. Box.net and FreeDrive.com [3] are two examples of companies that have specific Facebook Applications that allow file sharing to be easily accomplished between friends.
Server-client-protocols
Audiogalaxy - Service ended in the middle of 2002.
Direct Connect
Napster - Closed in its original form in July 2001, since changed to a fee-based service.
Scour Exchange - The second exchange network after Napster. No longer exists.
Soulseek - Still popular today despite being relatively old, with more than 120,000 users online at any time.
TinyP2P - 15 lines Python - SOURCE code
WinMX - The original Frontcode servers were switched off in September 2005, but alternate servers can be used by installing MXPie Patch. MXPie Patch and WinMX can be downloaded at MXPie.com.
Second P2P-Generation: Decentralization
After Napster encountered legal troubles, Justin Frankel of Nullsoft set out to create a network without a central index server, and Gnutella was the result. Unfortunately, the Gnutella model of all nodes being equal quickly died from bottlenecks as the network grew from incoming Napster refugees. FastTrack solved this problem by having some nodes be 'more equal than others'.
By electing some higher-capacity nodes to be indexing nodes, with lower capacity nodes branching off from them, FastTrack allowed for a network that could scale to a much larger size. Gnutella quickly adopted this model, and most current peer-to-peer networks implement this design, as it allows for large and efficient networks without central servers.
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